Musical Identities

Musical identities are how people or groups define themselves through their musical preferences, practices, and affiliations. Identities in music refer to socially defined roles in music (e.g., musicians, performers), while music in identities is how music is integrated into broader aspects of personal identity (e.g., music taste, social groups, or self-perception). Both of these concepts are essential to understanding how people relate to music. The application of musical identity in fields such as education, theory, and social interaction can aid in understanding human development and interpersonal connections. The definitions of music and musicianship are always evolving. As music becomes more accessible through technology, distinctions between composers, performers, and listeners have become blurred. Musicianship, which is part of music theory for musicians, is now expanding to include non-performers. The listener now engages in listening, understanding, and engaging with music, which is a valid form of musicianship.  Musical identity is not static but develops through stages, much like other aspects of self-identity. This development can be influenced by cultural, social, and emotional factors at different stages of life. It can begin in early childhood, progress through adolescence, and continue into adulthood. During early childhood, Parents reinforce the musical aspects of early vocalizations and also sing songs and lullabies. Gradually, vocal/musical play gives rise to speech and words on the one hand, and to more specific musical activities such as imitation and improvisation on the other, so that singing develops as another sphere of activity in its own right” (David J. Hargreaves, Dorothy Miell, and Raymond A. R. Macdonald, pg. 6. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/252461217_What_are_musical_identities_and_why_are_they_important). During adolescence, music plays a huge role in identity formation. Music preferences can serve as a “badge” of one’s identity. This influences personal style, social circles, and emotional expression. The reading transitions to the psychological framework of Self-Determination Theory (SDT). This theory is applied to the development of musical identity and suggests that autonomy, competence, and relatedness are key concepts for a healthy musical identity. Musical identity evolves across a lifespan and is influenced by various social interactions, such as family, school, friend groups, and even aging. The development of musical identity is a complex process that is shaped by individual experiences, social factors, and cultural factors. Musical engagement is not just a form of art but a critical part of personal development, well-being, and social identity. Spychiger’s model of musical self-concept is essential to understanding musical identity. This model refers to the answers people give when they are asked “Who am I?” and “What can I do?” about music. Spychiger’s research led to the development of the Musical Self-Concept Inquiry (MUSCI), a psychometric device that assesses the idea of self-concept. This device revealed eight dimensions: technique and information, social, musical ability, emotional, physical, spiritual, ideal, and adaptive dimensions. The study found that people with more extensive musical knowledge tended to place greater value on musical skill, technique, and understanding, while non-performing listeners emphasized how music affected their mood. Music and the identity of musicians are deeply intertwined with specific genres and practices. The study of how musicians talk about their music is another form of musical identity. Education is a critical part of the development of musical identities. A student’s perception of their own musical abilities and goals can evolve based on educational experiences and personal agency. Music therapy has become a vital tool for mental health and disability treatment. Music can help an individual cope with illness, understand emotions, and regain self-identity. Musical identity will continue to provide valuable insights into human musicality. This field of study will continue to evolve, helping us understand how music intersects with personal and cultural identity.